Tutor myself chemistry edexcel igcse
Tutor myself chemistry edexcel igcse. For example, the solubility of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water at 25⁰C is about 36g per 100g of water. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: In a substitution reaction an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms. At the cathode (negative electrode): Pb 2+ (l) + 2e – → Pb (l) (reduction) Simple distillation This method is used to separate a liquid from a solution. The diagram shows the titration method for a neutralisation reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Where each joins to the next a small molecule, such as water or hydrogen chloride, is lost. . The empirical formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound. This video covers the Double content of Topic 4C Alkanes in preparation for the Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry exam. A reversible reaction is one where the forward reaction and the backward reaction happen simultaneously. The salt is left behind in the flask. 84 g of chlorine? Step 1: Put the symbols for each element involved at the top of the page. UV light is not required for this reaction. EXPERIMENT1: Displacement, dissolving and neutralisation reactions Example: magnesium displacing copper from copper(II) sulfate Method: 50 cm3 of copper(II) sulfate is measured and transferred into a Increasing the surface area of a solid: more particles exposed more frequent collisions increase the rate of a reaction Increasing the concentration of a solution or pressure of a gas: more particles in same space more frequent collisions increase rate of reaction Increasing the temperature: particles have more kinetic energy more frequent collisions and a higher proportion of those collisions tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. As you go up group 7 (decreasing atomic number), the elements become more reactive. The salt water is boiled. The rate of a chemical reaction can be measured either by how quickly reactants are used up or how quickly the products are formed. In most chemical reactions, however, you rarely achieved your theoretical yield. Oxidation: the loss of electrons or the gain of oxygen Reduction: the gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen Example: The electrolysis of lead (II) bromide, PbBr 2. For example: separating water from salt water. For example if carbon combines with oxygen to The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The electromagnetic spectrum (d) Light and sound; 4 Energy resources 2:34 know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water: common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble, all nitrates are soluble, common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead(II), common sulfates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead(II), common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and Edexcel iGCSE Physics. Solubility is defined in terms of the maximum mass of a solute that dissolves in 100g of solvent. These forces, although weak, must be overcome if the substance is to boil, and larger molecules have more attractions which must be overcome. This is called a condensation polymerisation reaction. So the molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula. Learn and revise Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry topics with TutorMyself Chemistry. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Polyesters are polymers formed when two types of monomer join together alternately. 1(a) Units GCSE Chemistry Full Spec Points Hydr0Gen 2021-06-19T18:34:14+00:00. Copper. These covalent bonds inside the molecules are strong. This is calculated using reacting mass calculations. Some metals are more reactive than others. Galvanising: (coating in zinc) also prevents water and oxygen getting to the iron, but with galvanising even if the barrier is broken the more reactive zinc corrodes before The solubility of solids changes as temperature changes. The copper is in excess and uses up the oxygen to form copper oxide (CuO). Make chemistry easy and start the chemistry tutor lessons with past papers materials, exercises and more! Past papers, summary notes and past exam questions by topic for AQA, CIE, Edexcel, OCR and WJEC Chemistry A-levels, International A-levels, GCSEs and IGCSEs. This is because larger molecules (molecules with more mass) have more forces of attraction between them. Catalyst: A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction while remaining chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. The following 3 experiments can be used to determine that oxygen (O 2) makes up approximately 20% by volume of the composition of air. The wire is dipped into the salt being tested so some salt sticks to the end. The change in heat (enthalpy change) can be represented on an energy level diagram. Testing yourself with past papers is a great way to identify knowledge gaps, improve your exam technique and get more familiar with the exam format. Three different allotropes of carbon are shown here as examples: diamond, graphite and C 60 fullerene. In an exothermic reaction, the reactants have more energy than A flame test is used to show the presence of certain metal ions (cations) in a compound. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Oxidation Oxidation is the loss of electrons. However, between the molecules are weak forces of attraction that require little energy to break. A catalyst is not used up in a reaction. Calculate the amount, in moles, of 8. 8 g of carbon dioxide (CO 2). However, if the same acid is tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. A catalyst speeds up a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. For example a sodium atom (Na) loses an electron to become a sodium ion (Na⁺). For example when ethane reacts with bromine gas one of the hydrogen atoms in ethane is substituted by one of the atoms of bromine from within the bromine molecule: CH₃-CH₃ + Edexcel site; Links; Teaching; Simulations; Physics. In this case, charged particles means either delocalised electrons or ions. Giant 3D lattice of sodium chloride (NaCl) A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a compound. Method: • Weigh tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Allotropes are different forms of the same element. This just means that it is made up of molecules. 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The electromagnetic spectrum (d) Light and sound; 4 Energy resources tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The electromagnetic spectrum (d) Light and sound; 4 Energy resources Edexcel iGCSE Physics. Use the timestamps below to Browse our range of Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry past papers and mark schemes. For example the functional group of an alcohol is the -OH group and that of alkenes is the C=C carbon to carbon double bond. ΔH is measured in kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole). 1 Forces and motion. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Underneath are the tests for : ammonium ion test, copper (II) ion test, iron (II) ion test, iron (III) ion test Describe tests for the cation NH4+, using sodium hydroxide solution and identifying the ammonia evolved Describe tests for the cations Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+, using sodium hydroxide solution First, add Metals which are above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric acid to produce a salt and hydrogen. One of the monomers is a diol, an alcohol with a -OH functional group at each end. Another example is a chloride ion (Cl⁻) losing an electron to become a chlorine atom (Cl). A platinum or nichrome wire is dipped into concentrated hydrochloric acid to remove any impurities. For example, for ethane: Molecular formula = C2H6 Empirical formula = CH3 Here are some more examples: Notice from the table tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. For example, in the following reaction: CaCO3 --> tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. For an exothermic reaction, the products have less energy than the reactants. Unsaturated: A molecule containing a carbon-carbon double or triple bond. You can use reacting mass calculations to calculate the mass of calcium oxide produced when heating 25 g of calcium carbonate. metal + acid → salt + hydrogen For example: magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen Mg (s) + 2HCl tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Note: cold water is 75% of chlorine atoms are the type 35Cl (have a mass number of 35)25% of chlorine atoms are of the type 37Cl (have a mass number of 37)In order to calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of chlorine, the following steps are used:Multiply the mass of each isotope by its relative abundanceAdd those togetherDivide by tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. The double bond is broken and the bromine atoms are added. The difference between 3. Diamond is made up of only carbon atoms, in a giant 3D lattice, where each of those atoms has a strong covalent bonds to 4 other carbon. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that you would expect to get. Edexcel site; Links; Teaching; Simulations; Physics. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Alkenes react with bromine water. chlorine will displace bromine:. Calculating the Empirical Formula Example: What is the empirical formula of magnesium chloride if 0. Learn how to study and test yourself effectively with the best methods and tips. For example, alkenes as described as unsaturated molecules. Biodegradable: the breakdown of a substance by microorganisms. Diamond is made up of only carbon atoms, in a giant 3D lattice, where each of those atoms has a strong covalent bonds to Allotropes are different forms of the same element. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Related Posts: 1. A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen, e. CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2 Step 1: Calculate the amount, in moles, of 25 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) \\[M_r(CaCO_3)=(1 \\times The empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio between atoms/ions in a compound. Example: When calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is heated calcium oxide is produced. These particles need to be free to move in a substance for that substance to be conductive. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Polymers are inert (unreactive) as they have strong C-C bonds. The water vapour condenses back into a liquid when passed through the condenser. The wire and salt are held in a non-luminous Barrier Methods: Rusting may be prevented by stopping the water and oxygen getting to the iron with a barrier of grease, oil, paint or plastic. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Carbon dioxide (CO2) has a simple molecular structure. 1(a) Units (b) movement and position (c) forces, movement, shape and momentum; 2 Electricity. The following formula allows for the interconversion between a mass in grams and a number of moles for a given substance: Example 1:. 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. A Homologous series is a group of substances with: the same general formula similar chemical properties because Calorimetry allows for the measurement of the amount of energy transferred in a chemical reaction to be calculated. During this reaction there is a colour change from orange to colourless. ΔH must also labelled. The general formula shows the relationship between the number of atoms of one element to another within The rate of a chemical reaction can be measured either by how quickly reactants are used up or how quickly the products are formed. The order of reactivity can be determined by adding acid to different metals and observing the rate of reaction. 18 know and use the relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength: W=mxg tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. This is an addition reaction. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Saturated: A molecule containing only single bonds between carbon atoms. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Electrical conductivity is the movement of charged particles. The rate of reaction can be calculated using the following equation: The units for rate of reaction will usually be grams per min (g/min) An May 13, 2019 · Below is a diagram showing the reaction profile for the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen, which is EXOTHERMIC: The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to start the reaction. Step 2: Underneath, write down the masses of each element combining. This can be plotted on a solubility curve. Finding the formula of a metal oxide experimentally The formulae of metal oxides can be found experimentally by reacting a metal with oxygen and recording the mass changes. Another definition of oxidation is the gain of oxygen. 2(a) Units (b) Mains electricity (c) Energy and voltage in circuits (d) Electric charge; 3 Waves. Three different allotropes of carbon are shown here as examples: diamond, graphite and C60 fullerene. 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The electromagnetic spectrum (d) Light and sound; 4 Energy resources 1:58 (Triple only) describe experiments to investigate electrolysis, using inert electrodes, of molten compounds (including lead(II) bromide) and aqueous solutions (including sodium chloride, dilute sulfuric acid and copper(II) sulfate) and to predict the products tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Example: When magnesium is burned in air, it reacts with oxygen (O2) to form magnesium oxide (MgO). Edexcel iGCSE Physics. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: May 13, 2019 · The symbol ΔH is used to represent the change in heat (or enthalpy change) of a reaction. 1:46 understand how to use dot-and-cross diagrams to represent covalent bonds in: diatomic molecules, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, halogens and hydrogen halides, inorganic molecules including water, ammonia and carbon dioxide, organic molecules containing up to two carbon atoms, including methane, ethane, ethene and those containing halogen atoms Edexcel iGCSE Physics. 12 Explain some of the uses of electromagnetic radiations, including: radio waves: broadcasting and communications, microwaves: cooking and satellite transmissions, infrared: heaters and night vision equipment, visible light: optical fibres and photography, ultraviolet: fluorescent lamps, x-rays: observing the internal structure of objects and materials, including for medical applications Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because they have a giant structure with strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions that require a lot of energy to break. 1:01 understand the three states of Yield is how much product you get from a chemical reaction. Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity because there are no charged particles that are free to move. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Barrier Methods: Rusting may be prevented by stopping the water and oxygen getting to the iron with a barrier of grease, oil, paint or plastic. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: A catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of reaction without being chemically changed at the end of the reaction. 96 g of magnesium combines with 2. The rate of reaction can be calculated using the following equation: The units for rate of reaction will usually be grams per min (g/min) An tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Within each molecule are atoms bonded to each other covalently. An example is tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. The indicator changes colour when neutralisation occurs. The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each type of element in a molecule. These forces are Larger molecules tend to have higher boiling points. May 13, 2019 · Titration is used to find out precisely how much acid neutralises a certain volume of alkali (or vice versa). For example: This is how we can test for the Group 7 elements are called the Halogens. For example, when hydrochloric acid is added to iron (Fe) then bubbles of hydrogen are produced slowly. if burnt the addition polymers could produce toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride. The mass depends on the temperature. Toggle Sliding Bar Area. The salts shown on this graph are typical: the solubility increases as temperature increases. After deeply investigating the students' common difficulties in IGCSE Chemistry, I prepared straightforward and schematic teaching resources using both Cambridge and Pearson Edexcel IGCSE sources. Jul 22, 2020 · 4C Alkanes (Double) - Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry. Galvanising: (coating in zinc) also prevents water and oxygen getting to the iron, but with galvanising even if the barrier is broken the more reactive zinc corrodes before the less reactive iron. For example, alkanes as described as saturated molecules. Find definitions, examples, diagrams and videos for states of matter, solutions, solubility and more. For example, fluorine is the most reactive and astatine is the least reactive. g. 17 know and use the relationship between unbalanced force, mass and acceleration : F = M x A; 1. Find comprehensive notes, flashcards, past papers, videos and quizzes for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry on this site. This makes them non-biodegradeable. Boost your confidence and get ready to ace your IGCSE Chemistry exam. Step 3: Divide by their tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. For example, the graph above shows that in 100g of water at 50⁰C the maximum mass of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. rjuyj qycfp fkjhitv nrdux ylsejk fvtc vzg euha ozcmz olvfbofk